- Anderson, R., Bovo, R., Eismann, C., Menegario, A. and Andrade, D. (2017). “Not Good, but Not All Bad: Dehydration Effects on Body Fluids, Organ Masses, and Water Flux through the Skin of Rhinella schneideri (Amphibia, Bufonidae).” Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, [online] 90(3), pp.313-320.
Background: This article discusses that dehydration regulates one’s water balance within their body. There was a relation that is referenced multiple times to compare dehydration to different animals. Being dehydrated affects one’s water flux.
How I Used it: I used this article to propose arguments that not only are individuals affected physically such as passing out or decreased performance but their internal organs are also greatly affected by dehydration. I also made sure to state that dehydration does not only have bad affects there could be good as well. I focused mainly on water balance and how drinking water causes that.
- “Hyponatrema or Overhydration- Who Is At Risk?”(2017). SportMedbc.
Background: This article from SportMedbc provided background information such as defintions as well as who is affected by Hyponatremia also known as over hydration. Hyponatremia has a great affect on marathon runners, military recruits and at times certain athletes. It is extremely important for athletes to be aware of the risk factor of hyponatremia as well as the other fluids to drink to stay healthy and hydrated.
How I Used it: This article benefitted me because it was one of the first I came across. It forced me to continue my search because I did not know over hydration was even a thing. I did use this to define hyponatremia and describe how, why, and when those individuals, most of the time athletes are affected by it.
- Oppliger R.A., Bartok C. (2002). “Hydration Testing of Athletes.” Sports Medicine, 32(15), 959-971.
Background: This article states that hydration is extremely important to athletes, in comparison when an athlete is dehydrated they are affected greatly. This article focused on monitoring hydration and the different ways to monitor how much water athletes have consumed and determining whether it is enough, more than enough or not enough. All sports team should come up with their own hydration monitoring because of how important it is.
How I Used it: I used the article from Sports Medicine when I was relating hydration and dehydration to athletes and how when we think of the words dehydration and hydration the initial thought is athletes. I gave examples of the different hydration tests that athletes go through or will go through in the future. I made sure to emphasize that when an athlete is dehydrated they not only don’t perform as well but can have other health problems that come about.
- Allen TE, Smith DP, Miller DK. (1977). “Hemodynamic response to submaximal exercise after dehydration and rehydration in high school wrestlers.” Medicine and Science in Sports, 9(3), 159-163.
Background: This article discusses a study that was measured in 16 high school wrestlers during a period of weight loss and then again after rehydration. Wrestlers do not eat or drink any fluids at times when they are trying to cut weight. Wrestlers are extremely dehydrated at the time of cutting weight but then as soon as they are allowed, they drink as much water as possible to try to get their bodies back to normal.
How I Used it: This article benefited me again when I was discussing athletes. It gave me a specific sport, wrestling to relate dehydration to. I made sure to put how long wrestlers were not allowed to drink water because it would put them over weight and how their bodies were affected by it but quickly after they rehydrated their bodies were replenished.
- Casa D. J. (1999). “Exercise in the Heat. I. Fundamentals of Thermal Physiology, Performance Implication, and Dehydration.” Journal of Athletic Training, 34(3), 246-252.
Background: This article from the Journal of Athletic Training focused on the issue with exercising in the heat. Hydration plays a crucial role when participating in events out in the heat whether it is for athletes or any person. The article provides physiologic foundations and then gives guidelines that athletic trainers should follow when athletes are participating in extreme temperatures.
How I Used it: I used this article to prove that performing activities out in the heat requires individuals to be more hydrated than normal because the water that is going one’s body is just being sweat out. I also made sure to put in facts for those who work with athletes out in the heat how important it is for them to know how much water one needs when out in the heat for long hours. This article proved that water is oe of the only fluids that properly hydrates you for the extreme heat.
- Cheuvront S.N, Kenefick R.W. (2014.) “Dehydration: Physiology, Assessment, and Performance Effects.”Comprehensive Physiology.
Background: This article from Comprehensive Physiology discussed that with dehydration it is important to know what osmolality and volume are. They are the physiology, assessment and performance effects of dehydration. Setting a baseline for each of the three are very important. As important as dehydration is the impact of dehydration on a specific skill or task is dependent on the task itself and nothing else.
How I Used it: I used the abstract from this article very briefly to describe the importance of one’s osmolality and volume which are parts of the internal system and how water greatly affects both of those body parts. Drinking water has such an impact on the insides of the body.
- Kenefick R.W., Cheuvront S.N., Leon L.R., O’Brien K.K. (2012) “Dehydration and Rehydration.” In Wilderness Medicine Textbook. Natick, MA: Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division.
Background: I took a chapter from the book Wilderness Medicine Textbook and in the chapter it discussed body fluid balance, how much water is required to maintain a healthy body fluid balance. The hydration assessments that can be done to determine if one is hydrated enough and the factors that contribute to that such as urine concentration, body mass, and thirst. It also discusses dehydration, the consequences of it, the effects on one’s cognitive function, work productivity. Lastly, how fluid replacement can play a role in one’s life.
How I Used it: I used this article mainly to emphasize the difference between what it really means to be hydrated vs. dehydrated and how much fluid it takes for one to be hydrated. I also benefitted from this chapter to state the different factors that play a role in dehydration.
- . Valtin H.(2002). “Drink at least eight glasses of water a day. Really? Is there scientific evidence for “8× 8”?” American Journal of Physiology Regulatory Integrative Comparitive Physiology.283(5), 993–1004.
Background: This article discusses that “drink at least eight 8-oz glasses of water a day.” It has always been said how important it was to consume a speciifc amount of water but this article refutes that and says that other fluids such as caffeine can be counted towards that number because there were no scientific studies found to support that.
How I Used it: I used this article in my rebuttal argument because it refutes the typical “8×8” glasses of water daily. I made sure to state that other fluids such as caffeinated drinks can be counted towards that “8×8”. It is said that “8×8” is for a healthy adult but it is not required which it has been stated in prior articles that it was.
- Shirreffs S. M.(2003). “The optimal sports drink.”Schweizerische Zeitschrif Fur.51(1), 25–30.
Background: This article written by Susan M. Shirreffs about sports drinks discusses what type of drinks athletes should be drunking before, during and after their activity because some are better than others for different times. For example, before exercise drinking water is important to hydrate the body but during exercise it is not the best idea to drink plain water because a drink with carbohydrate electrolytes will allow for better performance and then after, during the rehydration stage it is important to replenish the electrolytes lost.
How I Used it: I used this article because throughout all of my research I have just been finding out things about water and how water affects athletes but I never knew if it was the best fluid for them to be consuming before, during or after exercise. Water is not the best fluid to be consuming during exercise but before and after it is extremely important or else performance will be effected.
- Ann C. Grandjean, Kristin J. Reimers, Karen E. Bannick & Mary C. Haven(2000)”The Effect of Caffeinated, Non-Caffeinated, Caloric and Non-Caloric Beverages on Hydration.”Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 19:5, 591-600.
Background: This article from the Journal of the American College of Nutrition studies the effects of multiple different drinks and how they impacted healthy adult males. Caffeinated beverages did not have a negative impact on the males tested.
How I Used it: I used this article to refute my argument as well because it always said “only drink water” well after this article, there is no reason to only drink water every minute of everyday when individuals who are drinking soda, coffee and other caffeinated drinks are still healthy. Individuals are still healthy even without only consuming water.
Counterintuitive 